In Hindu and yogic philosophy, “indriyas” refer to the senses or faculties through which individuals perceive and interact with the external world. The term “indriya” is derived from the Sanskrit word “indri,” meaning power or capacity.
According to classical texts such as the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali and the Vedanta, there are typically considered to be ten indriyas, which are divided into two categories:
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Jnanendriyas (Sensory Organs of Perception):
These are the faculties responsible for perceiving external stimuli or objects.
Shrotra (Hearing) – Ears
Tvak (Touch) – Skin
Chakshu (Seeing) – Eyes
Rasana (Tasting) – Tongue
Ghrana (Smelling) – Nose
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Karmendriyas (Organs of Action):
These are the faculties responsible for engaging with the external world through action.
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- Vak (Speaking) – Mouth
- Pani (Grasping) – Hands
- Pada (Moving) – Feet
- Payu (Eliminating) – Anus
- Upastha (Reproductive) – Genitals
Indriyas play a crucial role in the process of perception and interaction, allowing individuals to gather information about their environment and respond accordingly. In yogic and spiritual practices, the cultivation of awareness and control over the indriyas is often emphasized as a means of achieving mental clarity, self-awareness, and spiritual growth.
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